Nonunitary Scaling Theory of Non-Hermitian Localization

Non-Hermiticity can destroy Anderson localization and lead to delocalization even in one dimension. However, the unified understanding of non-Hermitian has yet be established. Here, we develop a scaling theory systems. We reveal that non-Hermiticity introduces new scale breaks down one-parameter scaling, which is central assumption conventional localization. Instead, identify origin unconventional as two-parameter scaling. Furthermore, establish threefold universality based on reciprocity; reciprocity forbids without internal degrees freedom, whereas symplectic results type symmetry-protected delocalization.